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Что (кто) такое resource management model - определение
![The [[Bureau of Land Management]] in the United States manages America's [[public land]]s, totaling approximately 264 million acres (1,070,000 km2) or one-eighth of the landmass of the country.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Logo of the United States Bureau of Land Management.svg?width=200 "The [[Bureau of Land Management]] in the United States manages America's [[public land]]s, totaling approximately 264 million acres (1,070,000 km2) or one-eighth of the landmass of the country.")
![Fencing separates big game from vehicles along the [[Quebec Autoroute 73]] in Canada.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cloture grande faune A73A.jpg?width=200 "Fencing separates big game from vehicles along the [[Quebec Autoroute 73]] in Canada.")
![A water harvesting system collects rainwater from the [[Rock of Gibraltar]] into pipes that lead to tanks excavated inside the rock.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gibraltar East Side Water Catchments in 1992.jpg?width=200 "A water harvesting system collects rainwater from the [[Rock of Gibraltar]] into pipes that lead to tanks excavated inside the rock.")
![Washington]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Juvenile fish bypass.jpg?width=200 "Washington]]")
![A conservation project in [[North Carolina]] involving the search for [[bog turtle]]s was conducted by [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] and the [[North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission]] and its volunteers.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Southern Appalachian bog May 2010.jpg?width=200 "A conservation project in [[North Carolina]] involving the search for [[bog turtle]]s was conducted by [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] and the [[North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission]] and its volunteers.")
![terraces]] in northwest Iowa can serve to preserve soil and improve water quality.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TerracesBuffers.JPG?width=200 "terraces]] in northwest Iowa can serve to preserve soil and improve water quality.")
Википедия
Crew resource management or cockpit resource management (CRM) is a set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. CRM is primarily used for improving aviation safety and focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in aircraft cockpits. Its founder is David Beaty, a former Royal Air Force and a BOAC pilot who wrote "The Human Factor in Aircraft Accidents" (1969). Despite the considerable development of electronic aids since then, many principles he developed continue to prove effective.
CRM in the US formally began with a National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) recommendation written by NTSB Air Safety Investigator and aviation psychologist Alan Diehl during his investigation of the 1978 United Airlines Flight 173 crash. The issues surrounding that crash included a DC-8 crew running out of fuel over Portland, Oregon, while troubleshooting a landing gear problem.
The term "cockpit resource management"—which was later generalized to "crew resource management"—was coined in 1979 by NASA psychologist John Lauber, who for several years had studied communication processes in cockpits. While retaining a command hierarchy, the concept was intended to foster a less-authoritarian cockpit culture in which co-pilots are encouraged to question captains if they observed them making mistakes.
CRM grew out of the 1977 Tenerife airport disaster, in which two Boeing 747 aircraft collided on the runway, killing 583 people. A few weeks later, NASA held a workshop on the topic, endorsing this training. In the US, United Airlines was the first airline to launch a comprehensive CRM program, starting in 1981. By the 1990s, CRM had become a global standard.
United Airlines trained their flight attendants to use CRM in conjunction with the pilots to provide another layer of enhanced communication and teamwork. Studies have shown the use of CRM by both work groups reduces communication barriers and problems can be solved more efficiently, leading to increased safety. CRM training concepts have been modified for use in a wide range of activities including air traffic control, ship handling, firefighting, and surgery, in which people must make dangerous, time-critical decisions.
